useful links
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"Most students consider the discussion of physiological acid-base balance a mystery.
This is mainly because of the way the topic has been presented.
At first reading of any text book on acid-base balance they realise that what they are reading
is not consistent with chemistry previously learnt."
Michael Bookallil
acid base analysis
While not based on the Stewart approach, the late Michael Bookallil's online book about
acid-base balance is worth while reading, and serves to remember that excentric Sydney anaesthesiologist
with a mind and a tongue sharp as a razor.
Michael Bookallil's ACIDBASE BALANCE
His account is especially lucid in its discussion of hypothermia
and its significance in acid-base analysis and general physiology.
There is a splendid book on acid base and fluid physiology by Kerry Brandis,
explaining both the traditional and the physicochemical analysis,
known as the Stewart approach:
acid base and fluid physiology
The physicochemical approach is discussed in detail in chapter 10:
the concept of strong ion difference
This exhaustive site dedicated to the physicochemical approach features
a java based acid base calculator, based on the Stewart approach:
IONZ,
authored chiefly by Lara Hopley and Jo van Schalkwyk.
Here you can make clear graphs showing the effects of the different components
on the acidity of a solution.
James Figge, one of the original researchers in this field, closely linked to Peter Stewart's and
Vladimir Fencl's work presents a detailed account of the weak acids, especially albumin and its
experimental validation on
the Figge - Fencl - website,
as well as a tribute to the late Vladimir Fencl.
John Kellum of Pittsburgh university is one of the most prominent proponents of the Stewart approach. His web pages give a concise
introduction to the topic with clinical examples and the possibility to download a pH and acidbase calculator spreadsheet.
John Kellum's phorum website
The following is a presentation about respiratory physiology, with special regard to respiratory drive
under conditions of height, pregnancy etc., with acid-base considerations based on the Stewart model:
Carriage of oxygen and carbondioxide in blood
Peter Lloyd's Stewart-based acid-base calculator and its clinical utility are presented with many
illustrative examples in
Using Quantitative Acid-Base Analysis in the ICU
Peter Lloyd's website offering to download the spreadsheet based calculator mentioned in his publication
could not be accessed, though, as of 20th january, 2008.
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